Masana'antar polyurethane: babban damar shiga, tara nauyi
Tarihin Ci gaban Masana'antar Polyurethane
Polyurethane (PU) shine resin polymer wanda aka kafa ta hanyar polymerization na sinadarai na asali na isocyanate da polyol.Polyurethane yana da abũbuwan amfãni na babban ƙarfi, juriya abrasion, juriya na hawaye, kyakkyawan aiki mai sassauƙa, juriya na mai da kuma dacewa da jini mai kyau.Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin gida, kayan aikin gida, sufuri, gini, kayan yau da kullun da sauran masana'antu, kuma kayan aikin injiniya ne mai mahimmanci.A cikin 1937, masanin ilimin likitancin Jamus Bayer yayi amfani da amsawar polyaddition na 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate da 1,4-butanediol don yin resin polyamide na layi, wanda ya buɗe bincike da aikace-aikacen resin polyamide.A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Jamus ta kafa masana'antar gwaji ta polyamide tare da wasu ƙarfin samarwa.Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, kasashen Amurka, Britaniya, Japan da sauran kasashe sun bullo da fasahar Jamus don fara kera da samar da sinadarin polyurethane, kuma masana'antar polyurethane ta fara bunkasa a duk duniya.kasata ta yi bincike da kanta da kanta ta haɓaka resin polyurethane tun daga shekarun 1960, kuma yanzu ta zama mafi girma a duniya mai samarwa da masu amfani da polyurethane.
An raba polyurethane zuwa nau'in polyester da nau'in polyether.Tsarin monomer na polyurethane an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar albarkatun ƙasa na sama da kaddarorin manufa.Nau'in polyester yana samuwa ta hanyar amsawar polyester polyol da isocyanate.Yana da tsari mai tsauri kuma ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya don samar da soso mai kumfa, topcoat da takardar filastik tare da tauri da yawa.Ana samun nau'in polyether ta hanyar amsawar nau'in polyether polyol da isocyanate, kuma tsarin kwayoyin halitta shine sashi mai laushi.Ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya wajen samar da audugar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na roba da kuma matashin da ba zai iya girgiza ba.Yawancin hanyoyin samar da polyurethane na yanzu suna sake haɗa polyester da polyether polyols daidai gwargwado don tabbatar da matsakaicin sassaucin samfur.Babban albarkatun kasa don kira na polyurethane sune isocyanates da polyols.Isocyanate shine kalma na gaba ɗaya don esters daban-daban na acid acid, wanda aka rarraba ta adadin ƙungiyoyin -NCO, ciki har da monoisocyanate RN = C = O, diisocyanate O = C = NRN = C = O da polyisocyanate da dai sauransu;Hakanan za'a iya raba su zuwa isocyanates aliphatic da isocyanates aromatic.Ana amfani da isocyanates na aromatic a halin yanzu a cikin mafi girma, kamar diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) da toluene diisocyanate (TDI).MDI da TDI sune nau'in isocyanate mai mahimmanci.
Sarkar masana'antar polyurethane da tsarin samarwa
Abubuwan da ke sama na polyurethane sune galibi isocyanates da polyols.Kayayyakin farko na tsaka-tsaki sun haɗa da robobin kumfa, elastomers, robobi na fiber, zaruruwa, resin fata na takalma, sutura, mannewa da manne da sauran samfuran guduro.Kayayyakin da ke ƙasa sun haɗa da na'urorin gida, na'urorin gida, sufuri, gini, da kayan yau da kullun da sauran masana'antu.
Masana'antar polyurethane tana da babban shinge ga fasaha, babban birnin, abokan ciniki, gudanarwa da baiwa, kuma masana'antar tana da manyan shingen shiga.
1) Matsalolin fasaha da na kuɗi.Samar da isocyanates na sama shine hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da mafi girman shingen fasaha a cikin sarkar masana'antar polyurethane.Musamman, ana ɗaukar MDI a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan samfuran da ke da manyan shingen shinge a cikin masana'antar sinadarai.A roba tsari hanya na isocyanate ne in mun gwada da tsawo, ciki har da nitration dauki, rage dauki, acidification dauki, da dai sauransu Phosgene Hanyar a halin yanzu da al'ada fasahar ga masana'antu samar da isocyanates, kuma shi ne kuma kawai hanyar da za a iya gane manyan-sikelin samar da isocyanates.Duk da haka, phosgene yana da guba sosai, kuma ana buƙatar yin aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin acid mai ƙarfi, wanda ke buƙatar babban kayan aiki da tsari.Bugu da ƙari, mahadi na isocyanate irin su MDI da TDI suna da sauƙin amsawa tare da ruwa da lalacewa, kuma a lokaci guda, wurin daskarewa yana da ƙasa, wanda shine babban kalubale ga fasahar samar da fasaha.2) shingen abokin ciniki.Ingancin kayan polyurethane zai shafi aikin samfuran kai tsaye a cikin masana'antu daban-daban na ƙasa.Abokan ciniki daban-daban ba za su canza masu kaya cikin sauƙi ba bayan tantance halayen samfuran nasu, don haka zai haifar da shinge ga sabbin masu shiga cikin masana'antar.3) Gudanarwa da shingen basira.Fuskantar samfurin samfurin tarwatsa buƙatun abokan ciniki na ƙasa, masana'antar polyurethane tana buƙatar ƙirƙirar cikakken tsarin sayayya, samarwa, tallace-tallace da tsarin sabis, kuma a lokaci guda, yana buƙatar haɓaka ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masana'antu tare da ƙwarewar sarrafa kayan aiki. da manyan shingen gudanarwa.
MDI Quotes: Buƙatar ta dawo, babban farashin makamashi na iya iyakance wadatar ƙasashen waje
MDI tarihin farashin yanayin da bincike na cyclical
An fara samar da MDI na cikin gida a cikin 1960s, amma iyakance ta matakin fasaha, buƙatun cikin gida galibi ya dogara kan shigo da kayayyaki kuma farashin yana da yawa.Tun daga farkon karni na 21, yayin da Wanhua Chemical sannu a hankali ya ƙware ainihin ainihin fasahar samar da MDI, ƙarfin samarwa ya faɗaɗa cikin sauri, wadatar cikin gida ya fara yin tasiri ga farashi, kuma yanayin farashin MDI ya fara bayyana.Daga lura da farashin tarihi, yanayin farashi na tara MDI yayi kama da na MDI mai tsafta, kuma hawan sama ko ƙasa na farashin MDI kusan shekaru 2-3 ne.58.1% mai yawa, matsakaicin farashin mako-mako ya karu da 6.9%, matsakaicin farashin kowane wata ya ragu da kashi 2.4%, raguwar shekara zuwa yau ya kasance 10.78%;MDI mai tsafta ta rufe akan yuan 21,500/ton, a adadin kashi 55.9% na farashin tarihi, tare da karuwar matsakaicin farashi na mako-mako na 4.4%, matsakaicin farashin kowane wata ya faɗi 2.3%, kuma karuwar shekara zuwa yau ya kasance 3.4%.Tsarin watsa farashi na MDI yana da santsi, kuma babban mahimmancin farashin sau da yawa shine babban batu na yadawa.Mun yi imanin cewa wannan zagaye na farashin MDI na hawan hawan yana farawa ne a cikin Yuli 2020, galibi yana da alaƙa da tasirin annoba da ƙarfin majeure na ketare akan ƙimar aiki.Matsakaicin farashin MDI a cikin 2022 ana tsammanin zai ci gaba da kasancewa mai girma.
Daga bayanan tarihi, babu tabbataccen yanayi a cikin farashin MDI.A cikin 2021, babban farashin tara MDI zai bayyana a cikin kashi na farko da na huɗu.Samar da farashi mai girma a cikin kwata na farko ya samo asali ne saboda gabatowar bikin bazara, raguwar yawan ayyukan masana'antu da kuma yawan masana'antun da ke ƙasa kafin bikin.Samar da hauhawar farashin farashi a cikin kwata na huɗu ya fito ne daga tallafin farashi a ƙarƙashin "sarrafa biyu na amfani da makamashi".Matsakaicin farashin jimillar MDI a farkon kwata na 2022 ya kasance yuan 20,591/ton, ya ragu da kashi 0.9% daga kwata na huɗu na 2021;Matsakaicin farashin MDI tsantsa a cikin kwata na farko shine yuan 22,514/ton, ya karu da kashi 2.2% daga kwata na huɗu na 2021.
Ana sa ran farashin MDI zai tsaya tsayin daka a shekarar 2022. Matsakaicin farashin jimillar MDI (Yantai Wanhua, Gabashin Sin) a shekarar 2021 zai kasance yuan 20,180/ton, karuwar shekara-shekara da kashi 35.9% da adadin kashi 69.1% na tarihin tarihi. farashin.A farkon shekarar 2021, matsanancin yanayi a ketare na faruwa akai-akai, annobar ta shafi safarar fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje, kuma farashin MDI na kasashen waje ya tashi sosai.Ko da yake farashin MDI a halin yanzu ya ɗan yi sama da matsakaicin tarihi, mun yi imanin cewa wannan zagaye na farashin MDI na hawa sama bai riga ya ƙare ba.Babban farashin mai da iskar gas yana tallafawa farashin MDI, yayin da sabon ƙarfin samar da MDI a cikin 2022 ya iyakance kuma gabaɗayan samar da kayayyaki har yanzu yana da ƙarfi, don haka ana sa ran farashin zai kasance da ƙarfi.
Ƙaddamarwa: Tsayayyen faɗaɗa, ƙayyadaddun haɓakawa a cikin 2022
Yunkurin fadada samar da sinadarin Wanhua ya yi sauri fiye da na masu fafatawa na kasa da kasa.A matsayinsa na kamfani na cikin gida na farko da ya mallaki ainihin fasahar samar da MDI, Wanhua Chemical ya zama babbar masana'antar MDI a duniya.A cikin 2021, jimillar ƙarfin samar da MDI na duniya zai kai tan miliyan 10.24, kuma sabon ƙarfin samarwa zai fito ne daga Chemical Wanhua.Adadin hannun jarin Wanhua Chemical a duniya ya kai kashi 25.9%.A cikin 2021, jimillar ƙarfin samar da MDI na cikin gida zai kasance kusan tan miliyan 3.96, kuma abin da za a samu zai kasance kusan tan miliyan 2.85, ƙari na 27.8% idan aka kwatanta da abin da aka fitar a 2020. Baya ga kamuwa da cutar a cikin 2020, cikin gida Samar da MDI ya sami ci gaba cikin sauri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da CAGR na 10.3% daga 2017 zuwa 2021. Daga hangen nesa na saurin fadada duniya a nan gaba, babban karuwar zai kasance daga Wanhua Chemical, kuma aikin fadada cikin gida zai kasance. a fara aiki da wuri fiye da ƙasashen waje.A ranar 17 ga Mayu, bisa ga shafin yanar gizon kamfanin na Shaanxi Chemical Construction, an gayyaci Gao Jiancheng, sakataren jam'iyyar kuma shugaban kamfanin don halartar taron bunkasa aikin Wanhua Chemical (Fujian) MDI, kuma ya sanya hannu kan takardar daukar nauyin shirin ci gaban gini tare da Wanhua Chemical (Fujian) don tabbatar da cimma burin samar da aikin a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 2022.
Bukatar: Yawan ci gaban ya fi wadata, kuma kayan aikin rufin gini da allunan da ba su da formaldehyde suna kawo sabon ci gaba.
Ana sa ran haɓakar buƙatun MDI na duniya zai zarce haɓakar wadata.Dangane da bayanan Covestro, wadatar MDI ta duniya a cikin 2021 kusan tan miliyan 9.2 ne, tare da CAGR na 4% a cikin 2021-2026;Bukatar MDI ta duniya kusan tan miliyan 8.23 ne, tare da CAGR na 6% a cikin 2021-2026.Dangane da bayanan Huntsman, ƙarfin MDI na duniya CAGR shine 2.9% a cikin 2020-2025, kuma buƙatun MDI na duniya shine kusan 5-6% a cikin 2020-2025, wanda ƙarfin samarwa a Asiya zai ƙaru daga ton miliyan 5 a cikin 2020. zuwa 2025 6.2 miliyan ton, masana'antar polyurethane yana da kyakkyawan fata game da bukatar MDI a cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa.
Har yanzu yana da kyakkyawan fata game da yanayin fitarwa na dogon lokaci na MDI.Ta fuskar tsarin fitar da kayayyaki a shekarar 2021, Amurka ita ce babbar mai fitar da MDI na kasata, kuma adadin fitar da kayayyaki a shekarar 2021 zai kai ton 282,000, karuwar shekara-shekara da kashi 122.9%.Lardunan Zhejiang, Shandong da Shanghai sune manyan larduna (yankunan) da ake fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje, wadanda adadinsu na fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje ya kai tan 597,000, wanda ya karu da kashi 78.7% a duk shekara;Adadin fitar da kayayyaki na Shandong ya kai ton 223,000, karuwa a duk shekara da kashi 53.7%.Dangane da bayanan ƙasa na ƙasa, yawan tallace-tallace na sabbin gidaje a Amurka yana tafiya cikin lokacin farfadowa bayan barkewar annoba, saka hannun jari na cikin gida na iya fuskantar sauye-sauye na gefe, kuma ana sa ran dawo da buƙatun ƙasa zai haɓaka buƙatar MDI. .
Jimillar ribar riba ta Wanhua Chemical a cikin kwata yana da kyau daidai tare da yaɗuwar farashin jimillar MDI a cikin kwata.Babban albarkatun kasa na MDI shine aniline.Ta hanyar lissafin bambancin farashin ka'idar, ana iya gano cewa farashin polymerized MDI yana da tsarin watsawa mai kyau, kuma babban farashi shine sau da yawa babban bambanci.A sa'i daya kuma, hauhawar farashin hada-hadar kudi na MDI ya yi daidai da babban ribar kamfanin Wanhua Chemical a cikin kwata-kwata, kuma sauyin ribar da aka samu a wasu sassan ya biyo bayan sauyin farashin da aka samu, ko kuma yana da alaka da sake zagayowar kaya na kamfanoni.
Babban farashin makamashi na iya ci gaba da iyakance wadatar MDI a ketare.Shugaban hukumar kula da makamashi ta kasar Jamus Klaus Müller, shugaban hukumar kula da harkokin makamashi ta kasar Sin Xinhua a ranar 13 ga wata, ya bayyana cewa, za a gudanar da aikin kula da bututun Baltic na Nord Stream 1 a lokacin bazara, kuma za a samar da iskar gas daga Rasha zuwa Jamus da yammacin Turai. a rage a lokacin bazara.mai yiwuwa ya ragu sosai.Ƙarfin samar da MDI na Turai ya kai kusan kashi 30% na jimlar duniya.Ci gaba da samar da makamashin burbushin burbushin na iya tilastawa masana'antun MDI na ketare rage nauyinsu, kuma fitar da MDI cikin gida na iya haifar da karuwa a lokacin rani.
Wanhua yana da fa'idodin farashi a bayyane.Yin la'akari da matsakaicin farashin tarihi na ɗanyen mai / iskar gas da farashin tallace-tallace na manyan kamfanoni na polyurethane, yanayin farashin tallace-tallace na kamfanonin ketare ya fi kusa da na ɗanyen mai da farashin iskar gas.Adadin fadada kamfanin Wanhua Chemical ya zarce na kamfanonin ketare, ko kuma tasirin farashin albarkatun kasa ya yi rauni fiye da na kamfanonin ketare.kamfanonin kasashen waje.Daga hangen nesa na shimfidar sarkar masana'antu, Wanhua Chemical da BASF, waɗanda ke da sarkar masana'antar petrochemical kuma suna da fa'idodin haɗin kai a bayyane, suna da fa'idodin farashi fiye da Covestro da Huntsman.
Dangane da bayanan hauhawar farashin makamashi, fa'idodin haɗin kai suna ƙara samun kulawa.Dangane da bayanan Huntsman, ta hanyar 2024, kamfanin yana shirin aiwatar da aikin inganta farashi na dalar Amurka miliyan 240, wanda inganta yankin shukar polyurethane zai ba da gudummawar kusan dalar Amurka miliyan 60 a rage farashin.A cewar Covestro, karuwar kudaden shiga daga ayyukan haɗin gwiwar zai kai Yuro miliyan 120 nan da shekarar 2025, wanda ayyukan inganta farashi zai ba da gudummawar kusan Euro miliyan 80.
Kasuwar TDI: Haƙiƙanin fitarwa ya yi ƙasa da yadda ake tsammani, kuma akwai wadataccen ɗaki don juyar da farashi
TDI tarihin farashi na tarihi da bincike na cyclical
Tsarin samar da TDI yana da ɗan rikitarwa, kuma samfurin yana da guba mafi girma kuma yana ƙonewa da fashewa fiye da MDI.Daga lura da farashin tarihi, yanayin farashin TDI da MDI yana kama da haka amma canjin ya fi bayyana, ko yana da alaƙa da rashin kwanciyar hankali na samar da TDI.Ya zuwa ranar 17 ga Yuni, 2022, TDI (gabashin China) ya rufe a yuan 17,200 / ton, a adadin 31.1% na farashin tarihi, tare da matsakaicin farashi na mako-mako na 1.3%, matsakaicin matsakaicin farashin kowane wata na 0.9%, da shekara guda. ya canza zuwa +12.1%.Daga ra'ayi na cyclical, hawan sama ko ƙasa na farashin TDI shima kusan shekaru 2-3 ne.Idan aka kwatanta da MDI, farashin TDI da farashin suna canzawa da ƙarfi, kuma farashin sun fi sauƙi ga tilasta majeure da sauran labarai a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.Wannan zagaye na zagayowar TDI zuwa sama na iya farawa daga Afrilu 2020, wanda galibi yana da alaƙa da rashin kwanciyar hankali na shigarwar TDI da ƙarancin fitarwa na zahiri fiye da yadda ake tsammani.Idan aka kwatanta da MDI, farashin TDI na yanzu yana cikin ƙananan matakin tarihi, kuma juzu'i na iya zama bayyane.
Ana sa ran farashin TDI zai ci gaba da tashi a cikin 2022. Matsakaicin farashin TDI (gabashin China) a cikin 2021 shine yuan 14,189 / ton, karuwar 18.5% a shekara, kuma yana kan adadin 22.9% na farashin tarihi. .Babban mahimmancin farashin TDI a cikin 2021 ya kasance a cikin kwata na farko, galibi saboda gaskiyar cewa masana'antun da ke ƙasa sun yi tanadi kafin hutun, kayan aiki na ƙasashen waje da samar da kulawa ba su da iyaka, kuma ƙididdigar masana'antar ta kasance a ƙaramin matakin shekara.Matsakaicin farashin TDI a cikin kwata na farko na 2022 shine yuan 18,524 / ton, haɓakar 28.4% daga kwata na huɗu na 2021. Idan aka kwatanta da MDI, farashin TDI har yanzu yana kan ƙaramin matsayi a tarihi, kuma akwai yuan. babban daki ga farashin kifaye.
Tsarin samarwa da buƙatu: ma'aunin ma'auni na dogon lokaci, kwanciyar hankali na kayan aiki yana rinjayar ainihin fitarwa
A halin yanzu, kodayake ƙarfin samar da TDI na duniya ya wuce gona da iri, ƙimar haɓakar buƙatu ya zarce yawan haɓakar samarwa, kuma samar da dogon lokaci da tsarin buƙatu na TDI na iya kiyaye daidaiton daidaito.Dangane da bayanan Covestro, wadatar TDI ta duniya kusan tan miliyan 3.42 ne, tare da CAGR na 2% a cikin 2021-2026;Bukatar TDI ta duniya kusan tan miliyan 2.49 ne, tare da CAGR na 5% a cikin 2021-2026.
Ƙarƙashin bangon ƙarfin ƙarfi, masana'antun suna faɗaɗa samarwa a hankali.Idan aka kwatanta da MDI, TDI yana da karancin ayyukan fadada iya aiki, kuma babu wani karuwa a cikin 2020 da 2021. Babban karuwar a cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa kuma zai fito ne daga Wanhua Chemical, wanda ke shirin fadada karfin tan 100,000 / shekara a Fujian zuwa 250,000 ton / shekara.Aikin ya hada da na'urar nitrification na 305,000 ton / shekara, na'urar hydrogenation na 200,000 ton / shekara, da kuma na'urar photochemical na 250,000 ton / shekara;Bayan aikin ya kai ga samarwa, ana sa ran samar da tan 250,000 na TDI, ton 6,250 na OTDA, tan 203,660 na busasshen hydrogen chloride da hydrochloric acid.70,400 ton.A cewar shafin yanar gizon gwamnatin jama'ar garin Fuqing, aikin fadada aikin ya samu tashar sakawa da tashar rarraba kayan aikin TDI, lasisin gina dakin girki na TDI, da lasisin ginin tashar firiji na TDI.Ana sa ran za a fara aiki a shekarar 2023.
Rashin kwanciyar hankali na kayan aiki yana rinjayar ainihin fitarwa.Dangane da bayanan Baichuan Yingfu, fitar da TDI na cikin gida a cikin 2021 zai kasance kusan tan miliyan 1.137, daidai da adadin aiki na shekara-shekara na kusan kashi 80%.Kodayake ƙarfin samar da TDI na duniya ya wuce gona da iri, a cikin 2021, wuraren TDI a gida da waje za su shafi nau'ikan digiri daban-daban ta matsanancin yanayi, wadatar albarkatun ƙasa da gazawar fasaha, ainihin fitarwa zai zama ƙasa da yadda ake tsammani, kuma ƙididdigar masana'antar za ta kasance. ci gaba da raguwa.A cewar Baichuan Yingfu, a ranar 9 ga watan Yuni, 2022, sakamakon yajin aikin direbobin manyan motoci na gida a Koriya ta Kudu, kayan aikin Hanwha TDI na gida (ton 50,000 a kowace saiti) ya ragu cikin kaya, kuma an jinkirta isar da majiyoyin MDI na Kumho, wanda ya haifar da jinkiri. ya shafi kayan polyurethane na baya-bayan nan zuwa wani matsayi.zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa.A lokaci guda kuma, ana sa ran masana'antu da yawa za su yi garambawul a watan Yuni, kuma gabaɗayan samar da TDI ya yi tsauri.
Bisa kididdigar da Baichuan Yingfu ya yi, yawan amfani da TDI a shekarar 2021 zai kai kimanin tan 829,000, wanda ya karu da kashi 4.12 cikin dari a duk shekara.Tushen TDI galibi samfuran soso ne kamar kayan daki na sama.A cikin 2021, soso da samfuran za su yi lissafin kashi 72% na amfani da TDI.Tun daga shekarar 2022, yawan buƙatun TDI ya ragu, amma yayin da ƙasa kamar kayan daki da kayan masarufi a hankali ke murmurewa daga cutar, ana sa ran cin TDI zai ci gaba da girma.
ADI da sauran isocyanates na musamman: sabbin kasuwanni masu tasowa
Kasuwar ADI a cikin filin sutura tana buɗewa a hankali
Idan aka kwatanta da isocyanates aromatic, aliphatic da alicyclic isocyanates (ADI) suna da halaye na juriya mai ƙarfi da ƙarancin rawaya.Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) wani nau'in ADI ne na yau da kullun, wanda ba shi da launi ko ɗan rawaya, kuma ƙaramin ɗanko ne, ruwan ƙamshi mai ƙamshi a ɗaki.A matsayin albarkatun kasa don samar da polyurethane, ana amfani da HDI mafi yawa a cikin samar da polyurethane (PU) varnishes da manyan kayan kwalliya, kayan gyaran gyaran mota, kayan kwalliyar filastik, kayan kwalliyar katako mai daraja, masana'antu da masana'antu da kayan kariya masu lalata. da elastomers, adhesives, yadi karewa jamiái, da dai sauransu Bugu da kari ga man juriya da kuma sa juriya, samu PU shafi yana da halaye na ba yellowing, launi riƙe, alli juriya, da kuma waje daukan hotuna juriya.Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da shi a cikin wakili na maganin fenti, babban manne polymer, ƙananan zafin jiki don bugu da manna, abin wuya copolymer shafi, kafaffen enzyme m, da dai sauransu Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) ne kuma yadu amfani ADI.A matsayin albarkatun kasa don samar da polyurethane, IPDI ya dace da samar da polyurethane tare da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, juriya na yanayi da kyawawan kayan aikin injiniya.Musamman dace da samar da elastomers, ruwa mai rufin ruwa, polyurethane dispersants da photocurable urethane-gyara acrylates.
Ana shigo da wasu albarkatun ƙasa, kuma farashin ADI gabaɗaya ya fi na MDI da TDI.Ɗaukar HDI tare da mafi girman kaso na kasuwa tsakanin ADI a matsayin misali, hexamethylenediamine shine babban albarkatun ƙasa don samar da HDI.A halin yanzu, ana samar da ton 1 na HDI kuma ana cinye kusan tan 0.75 na hexanediamine.Ko da yake ana ci gaba da samun ci gaba a cikin gida na adiponitrile da hexamethylene diamine, samar da HDI na yanzu yana dogara ne akan adiponitrile da hexamethylene diamine da aka shigo da su, kuma farashin samfurin gabaɗaya yana da inganci.Dangane da bayanan Tiantian Chemical Network, matsakaicin farashin HDI na shekara-shekara a cikin 2021 ya kai kusan yuan 85,547 a kowace shekara, karuwar shekara-shekara na 74.2%;Matsakaicin farashin IPDI na shekara-shekara yana kusan yuan 76,000 / ton, karuwar shekara-shekara na 9.1%.
Wanhua Chemical ya zama na biyu mafi girma na ADI a duniya
An faɗaɗa ƙarfin samar da ADI a hankali, kuma Wanhua Chemical ya sami ci gaba a cikin HDI da abubuwan da aka samo asali, IPDI, HMDI da sauran samfuran.Bisa kididdigar da Cibiyar Nazarin Masana'antu ta Xinjie ta gudanar, jimilar iyawar masana'antar ADI ta duniya za ta kai ton 580,000 a kowace shekara a shekarar 2021. Saboda manyan matsalolin shiga masana'antar, akwai kamfanoni kaɗan a duniya da za su iya samar da ADI. a babban sikeli, musamman Covestro, Evonik, BASF a Jamus, Asahi Kasei a Japan, Wanhua Chemical, da Rhodia a Faransa, daga cikinsu Covestro shi ne mafi girma a duniya ADI mai samar da iya aiki na 220,000 ton 220 a shekara, sai Wanhua Chemical tare da damar samar da kusan ton 140,000 a shekara.Tare da Wanhua Ningbo ta 50,000-ton / shekara HDI shuka sa a cikin samarwa, Wanhua Chemical ta ADI samar iya aiki za a kara inganta.
Isocyanates na musamman da gyare-gyare suna ci gaba da samun nasara.A halin yanzu, al'adun gargajiya na ƙasata (MDI, TDI) suna kan gaba a matsayi a duniya.Daga cikin aliphatic isocyanates (ADI), HDI, IPDI, HMDI da sauran samfurori sun ƙware fasahar samarwa masu zaman kansu, XDI, PDI da sauran isocyanates na musamman sun shiga matakin matukin jirgi, TDI -TMP da sauran isocyanates da aka gyara (isocyanate adducts) sun sanya mahimmancin fasaha. nasarori.Isocyanates na musamman da gyare-gyaren isocyanates sune mahimman kayan albarkatun kasa don samar da samfurori na polyurethane masu girma, kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka tsarin samfurori na polyurethane.Tare da ci gaba da ci gaba da ci gaban fasahohin fasaha na cikin gida, Wanhua Chemical da sauran kamfanoni ma sun samu ci gaba a fannin fasaha a fagage na musamman na isocyanates da isocyanate adducts, kuma ana sa ran za su jagoranci duniya a cikin sabuwar hanya.
Kamfanonin Polyurethane: haɓaka mai ƙarfi a cikin aiki a cikin 2021, kyakkyawan fata game da hasashen kasuwa
Wanhua Chemical
An kafa shi a cikin 1998, Wanhua Chemical ya fi tsunduma cikin R&D, samarwa da tallace-tallace na samfuran samfuran polyurethane kamar isocyanates da polyols, samfuran petrochemical kamar acrylic acid da ester, kayan aiki irin su kayan kwalliyar ruwa, da sinadarai na musamman. .Shine kamfani na farko a cikin ƙasata da ya mallaki MDI kamfani ne da ke da haƙƙin mallakar fasaha mai zaman kansa na fasahar masana'anta, kuma shine mafi girman mai samar da polyurethane a yankin Asiya-Pacific kuma mafi kyawun masana'antar MDI a duniya.
Ma'aunin ƙarfin samarwa yana da fa'ida mai mahimmanci, kuma yana ba da mahimmanci ga R&D da haɓakawa da farko.Kamar yadda na karshen 2021, Wanhua Chemical yana da jimlar samar da damar 4.16 miliyan ton / shekara na polyurethane jerin samfurori (ciki har da 2.65 ton miliyan / shekara don ayyukan MDI, 650,000 ton / shekara don ayyukan TDI, da 860,000 tons / shekara don polyether). ayyuka).Ya zuwa karshen shekarar 2021, kamfanin Wanhua Chemical yana da ma'aikatan R&D 3,126, wanda ya kai kashi 16% na jimillar kamfanin, kuma ya zuba jarin jimillar yuan biliyan 3.168 a R&D, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 2.18% na kudin shiga na aiki.A cikin lokacin bayar da rahoto na shekarar 2021, an yi nasarar amfani da fasahar MDI ta Wanhua Chemical ta ƙarni na shida a masana'antar Yantai MDI, inda ta samu daidaiton aiki na tan miliyan 1.1 a kowace shekara;fasahar samar da sinadarin hydrogen chloride catalytic oxidation chlorine da ta ɓullo da kanta ta cika balagagge kuma an kammala shi, kuma an zaɓe ta don Makon Sinadari Mafi kyawun ayyuka don ci gaba mai dorewa a cikin 2021;PO / SM mai girman kai mai girma, ci gaba da fasahar DMC polyether da sabon jerin polyester polyester aromatic polyols an sami nasarar haɓaka masana'antu, kuma alamun samfuran sun kai matakin samfuran mafi girma.
Ci gaban Wanhua Chemical ya fi na masu fafatawa a duniya.Fa'ida daga fa'idar ma'auni da farashi, karuwar kudaden shiga na Wanhua Chemical a duk shekara a shekarar 2021 ya fi na kasashen duniya da ke fafatawa da juna, kuma kudaden shiga na aiki a rubu'in farko na shekarar 2022 zai ci gaba da samun ci gaba mai yawa.Tare da ƙarin fitowar fa'idodin ma'auni da ci gaba da haɓakar fitar da MDI zuwa ketare, Wanhua Chemical za ta ci gaba da faɗaɗa kason kasuwa na MDI da ƙirƙirar maki mai yawa a cikin sassan petrochemical da sabbin kayan.(Madogararsa rahoton: Future Think Tank)
BASF (BASF)
BASF SE shine babban kamfanin sinadarai na duniya tare da fiye da 160 na mallakar gaba ɗaya ko haɗin gwiwa a cikin ƙasashe 41 a Turai, Asiya da Amurka.Wanda ke da hedikwata a Ludwigshafen, Jamus, kamfanin shine mafi girman tushen samfuran sinadarai a duniya.Kasuwancin kamfanin ya hada da kiwon lafiya da abinci mai gina jiki (Ciwon Jiki & Kulawa), sutura da rini (Surface Technologies), sinadarai na yau da kullun (Chemical), manyan robobi da precursors (Materials), resins da sauran kayan aikin (Maganin Masana'antu), noma (Agricultural). Magani) Magani) da sauran filayen, a cikin abin da isocyanates (MDI da TDI) ke cikin ɓangaren monomer (Monomer) a cikin manyan kayan aiki na robobi da na gaba (Materials), da kuma yawan ƙarfin samar da BASF isocyanate (MDI + TDI) a cikin 2021 kusan tan miliyan 2.62 ne.Dangane da rahoton shekara-shekara na BASF na 2021, sutura da rini sune mafi girman ɓangaren kudaden shiga na kamfanin, wanda ke lissafin kashi 29% na kudaden shiga a cikin 2021. Zuba jarin R&D kusan Yuro miliyan 296 ne, gami da saye da sauran saka hannun jari na Yuro biliyan 1.47;robobi masu girma da kuma The precursor segment (Kayan aiki) shi ne kashi na biyu mafi girma na kudaden shiga, lissafin 19% na kudaden shiga a 2021, da kuma R&D zuba jari na kusan Yuro miliyan 193, ciki har da saye da sauran zuba jari na Yuro miliyan 709.
Kasuwar kasar Sin tana kara samun kulawa.Bisa kididdigar da BASF ta yi, ya zuwa shekarar 2030, kashi biyu bisa uku na karuwar sinadarai a duniya za su fito ne daga kasar Sin, kuma 9 daga cikin ayyukan fadada 30 da aka bayyana a cikin rahoton shekara ta BASF na shekarar 2021, suna cikin kasata.Hadedde tushe na BASF na Guangdong (Zhanjiang) shine babban aikin saka hannun jari na BASF a ketare ya zuwa yanzu.A cewar sanarwar EIA, jimillar jarin aikin ya kai kusan yuan biliyan 55.362, wanda jarin gine-ginen ya kai yuan biliyan 50.98.An tsara fara aikin ne a cikin rubu'in farko na shekarar 2022, kuma za a kammala shi kuma za a fara aiki a kashi na uku na shekarar 2025, tare da tsawon watanni kusan 42.Bayan kammala aikin da kuma fara aiki, matsakaicin kudin shiga na aiki a shekara zai kai yuan biliyan 23.42, jimillar ribar da aka samu a duk shekara za ta kai yuan biliyan 5.24, sannan jimillar ribar da aka samu a shekara za ta kai yuan biliyan 3.93.Ana sa ran cewa, shekarar da aka saba samar da wannan aikin zai ba da gudummawar kimanin yuan biliyan 9.62 na karin darajar masana'antu a kowace shekara.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-23-2022