Bisa ga ma'auni daban-daban, kayan aikin sarkar sanyi za a iya raba su zuwa nau'i daban-daban.Misali, kawai daga yanayin aiki, galibi ya haɗa da hanyoyi guda biyu:
Na farko shine a yi amfani da hanyar "akwatin kumfa + jakar sanyi", wanda ake kira "sarkar sanyin fakiti", wanda ke da alaƙa ta amfani da kunshin kanta don ƙirƙirar ƙaramin yanayi mai dacewa don adana ɗan gajeren lokaci na sabbin samfuran.Amfanin wannan hanyar ita ce za a iya rarraba samfuran da aka ƙulla ta amfani da tsarin kula da yanayin zafin jiki na yau da kullun, kuma jimlar farashin kayan aiki ya ragu.
Hanya ta biyu ita ce yin amfani da ainihin tsarin kayan aikin sarkar sanyi, wato, daga ajiyar sanyi a asalin zuwa isar da abokin ciniki na ƙarshe, duk hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo suna cikin yanayin ƙarancin zafin jiki don tabbatar da ci gaba da sarkar sanyi.A cikin wannan yanayin, ya kamata a sarrafa zafin jiki na dukan sarkar sanyi, wanda ake kira "sarkar sanyi na muhalli".Duk da haka, abubuwan da ake buƙata don tsarin tsarin kayan aikin sarkar sanyi duka suna da girma sosai, yana da wahala a yi amfani da tsarin dabaru na yau da kullun don aiki, kuma gabaɗayan farashin aiki yana da tsada.
Amma ko da wane nau'in sarkar sanyi na sama aka yi amfani da su, kayan kumfa waɗanda za su iya dumama, hana zafi, ɗaukar girgiza da buffering ana iya ɗaukar su azaman kayan aiki masu kyau.
A halin yanzu, mafi yadu amfani da sanyi sarkar dabaru da kuma sufuri ne polyurethane kumfa, polypropylene kumfa da kuma polystyrene kumfa.Ana kuma samun tireloli, kwantena masu sanyi da kuma ajiyar sanyi a ko'ina.
Kumfa polystyrene (EPS)
EPS polymer ne mai nauyi.Saboda ƙananan farashinsa, shi ne kuma mafi yawan kayan kumfa da aka fi amfani dashi a cikin dukan filin marufi, wanda ya kai kusan 60%.Ana yin resin polystyrene ta hanyar ƙara wani wakili mai kumfa ta hanyar hanyoyin haɓakawa, warkewa, gyare-gyare, bushewa da yanke.Tsarin rufaffiyar rami na EPS yana ƙayyade cewa yana da insulation mai kyau na thermal, kuma ƙarancin zafin jiki yana da ƙasa sosai.Matsakaicin zafin jiki na allunan EPS na ƙayyadaddun bayanai daban-daban shine tsakanin 0.024W/mK ~ 0.041W/mK Yana da kyakkyawan adana zafi da tasirin adana sanyi a cikin dabaru.
Koyaya, a matsayin kayan aikin thermoplastic, EPS zai narke lokacin mai zafi kuma ya zama mai ƙarfi lokacin da aka sanyaya, kuma zafin nakasar zafinsa yana kusa da 70 ° C, wanda ke nufin cewa incubators EPS da aka sarrafa su cikin marufi na kumfa yana buƙatar amfani da ƙasa 70°C.Idan zafin jiki ya yi yawa A 70 ° C, ƙarfin akwatin zai ragu, kuma za a samar da abubuwa masu guba saboda rashin daidaituwa na styrene.Don haka, sharar EPS ba za ta iya zama ta yanayi ba kuma ba za a iya ƙone ta ba.
Bugu da kari, taurin EPS incubators ba shi da kyau sosai, aikin buffer shima matsakaita ne, kuma yana da sauƙin lalacewa yayin sufuri, don haka galibi ana amfani da shi na lokaci ɗaya, ana amfani da shi na ɗan gajeren lokaci, sarkar sanyi mai nisa. sufuri, da kuma masana'antar abinci kamar nama da kaji.Trays da kayan marufi don abinci mai sauri.Rayuwar sabis na waɗannan samfuran yawanci gajere ne, kusan 50% na samfuran kumfa polystyrene suna da rayuwar sabis na shekaru 2 kawai, kuma 97% na samfuran kumfa polystyrene suna da rayuwar sabis na ƙasa da shekaru 10, wanda ya haifar da karuwa a cikin yawan sharar kumfa EPS a kowace shekara, amma kumfa EPS ba shi da sauƙi don rugujewa da sake yin fa'ida, don haka a halin yanzu shine babban abin da ke haifar da gurɓataccen fata: EPS yana da fiye da kashi 60% na datti da aka gurbata a cikin teku!Kuma a matsayin kayan marufi don EPS, yawancin wakilan kumfa na HCFC ana amfani da su a cikin tsarin kumfa, kuma yawancin samfuran za su sami wari.Matsakaicin raguwar ozone na HCFCs shine sau 1,000 na carbon dioxide.Saboda haka, tun daga 2010s, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Amurka, Tarayyar Turai, China, Koriya ta Kudu, Japan, da sauran ƙasashe (kungiyoyi) da yankuna masu dacewa sun kafa doka don hana ko ƙuntata amfani da robobi guda ɗaya ciki har da kumfa polystyrene. , kuma Mutane sun tilasta "taswirar gyara".
Polyurethane m kumfa (PU Foam)
PU Foam babban nau'in polymer ne na kwayoyin halitta wanda aka yi da isocyanate da polyether a matsayin babban kayan albarkatun ƙasa, ƙarƙashin aikin abubuwan ƙari daban-daban kamar su kumfa, masu kara kuzari, masu ɗaukar wuta, da dai sauransu, gauraye ta kayan aiki na musamman, kuma ana yin kumfa akan rukunin yanar gizo ta high- matsa lamba fesa.Yana da nau'ikan rufin zafi da ayyukan hana ruwa, kuma yana da mafi ƙanƙanta yanayin zafi a tsakanin duk kayan daɗaɗɗen thermal na halitta a halin yanzu.
Koyaya, taurin PU bai isa ba.Tsarin samar da incubators na PU na kasuwanci shine galibi: harsashi na kayan abinci na PE, kuma tsakiyar ciko Layer shine kumfa polyurethane (PU).Wannan hadadden tsarin kuma ba shi da sauƙi a sake fa'ida.
A zahiri, ana amfani da PU sau da yawa a cikin injin daskarewa da firji azaman masu cikawa.Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, fiye da kashi 95% na firji ko na'urorin firiji a duniya suna amfani da kumfa mai tsauri na polyurethane a matsayin kayan rufewa.A nan gaba, tare da fadada masana'antun masana'antu na sanyi, haɓaka kayan haɓakar zafin jiki na polyurethane za su sami fifiko guda biyu, ɗaya shine don sarrafa iskar carbon, ɗayan kuma shine inganta kayan haɓakar wuta.Dangane da wannan, yawancin masana'antun kayan kwalliyar polyurethane da masu siyar da kayan aikin injin sanyi suna haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin magancewa:
Bugu da kari, sabbin kayan kumfa irin su polyisocyanurate foam material PIR, phenolic foam material (PF), allon siminti mai kumfa da allon gilashin kumfa kuma suna gina abokantaka da muhalli da adana makamashin sanyi da kayan aikin sarkar sanyi.amfani a kan tsarin.
Kumfa polypropylene (EPP)
EPP wani abu ne na polymer crystalline tare da kyakkyawan aiki, kuma shine mafi saurin girma sabon nau'in kayan rufewar buffer mai dacewa da muhalli.Yin amfani da PP a matsayin babban kayan albarkatun kasa, ƙwanƙolin kumfa ana yin su ta hanyar fasahar kumfa ta jiki.Samfurin ba mai guba ba ne kuma maras ɗanɗano, kuma dumama ba zai haifar da wani abu mai guba ba, kuma ana iya tuntuɓar shi kai tsaye tare da abinci.Kyakkyawan insulation thermal, thermal conductivity yana kusan 0.039W / m · k, ƙarfin injinsa shima ya fi EPS da PU, kuma babu ƙura a cikin gogayya ko tasiri;kuma yana da zafi mai kyau da kwanciyar hankali na sanyi, kuma ana iya amfani dashi a yanayin -30 ° C zuwa 110 ° C.amfani a kasa.Bugu da ƙari, ga EPS da PU, nauyinsa ya fi sauƙi, wanda zai iya rage nauyin abu sosai, ta haka ne rage farashin sufuri.
A gaskiya ma, a cikin safarar sarkar sanyi, akwatunan marufi na EPP galibi ana amfani da su azaman akwatunan juyawa, waɗanda ke da sauƙin tsaftacewa da ɗorewa, kuma ana iya amfani da su akai-akai, rage farashin amfani.Bayan an daina amfani da shi, yana da sauƙi a sake yin amfani da shi da sake amfani da shi, kuma ba zai haifar da gurɓataccen fata ba.A halin yanzu, galibin sabbin masana'antar isar da abinci, gami da Ele.me, Meituan, da Hema Xiansheng, sun zaɓi amfani da incubators na EPP.
A nan gaba, yayin da kasar da jama'a ke ba da muhimmiyar gudummawa ga kiyaye muhalli, za a kara kara habaka koren titin hada-hadar sanyi.Akwai manyan kwatance guda biyu, ɗaya daga cikinsu shine sake amfani da marufi.Daga wannan ra'ayi, makomar kumfa polypropylene za a kara hanzari.Ana sa ran kayan zai maye gurbin karin kayan kumfa na polyurethane da polystyrene, kuma yana da makoma mai haske.
Abun kumfa mai lalacewa
Fadada amfani da abubuwa masu lalacewa a cikin marufi na sarkar sanyi kuma wani muhimmin alkibla ne don korewar marufi na sarkar sanyi.A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu guda uku waɗanda aka haɓaka: jerin polylactic acid PLA (ciki har da PLA, PGA, PLAGA, da sauransu), jerin polybutylene succinate PBS (ciki har da PBS, PBAT, PBSA, PBST, PBIAT da sauransu). , polyhydroxyalkanoate PHA jerin (ciki har da PHA, PHB, PHBV).Duk da haka, ƙarfin narkewar waɗannan kayan yawanci yana da ƙarancin talauci kuma ba za a iya samar da shi a kan kayan aiki na ci gaba da takarda na gargajiya ba, kuma rabon kumfa bai kamata ya yi girma ba, in ba haka ba kayan jiki na kayan da aka yi da kumfa ba su da kyau a yi amfani da su.
Don wannan, yawancin sababbin hanyoyin kumfa kuma sun bayyana a cikin masana'antar.Misali, Synbra a cikin Netherlands ya haɓaka kayan kumfa na farko na polylactic acid, BioFoam, ta amfani da fasahar kumfa mai ƙima, kuma ta sami nasarar samarwa da yawa;jagoranci a cikin gida Kamfanin masana'antar kayan aiki USEON ya sami nasarar haɓaka fasahar samarwa na tsarin kumfa mai yawa PLA.Motsawa yana ɗaukar layin tsakiyar kumfa, wanda ke da mafi kyawun aikin rufin thermal, kuma ƙaƙƙarfan jiki a ɓangarorin biyu na iya haɓaka ƙarfin injina sosai.
fiber kumfa
Fiber kumfa abu kuma kore mai lalacewa marufi abu a cikin sanyi sarkar sufuri dabaru.Duk da haka, a cikin bayyanar, ba za a iya kwatanta incubator da aka yi da kayan kumfa na fiber ba tare da filastik, kuma yawancin yawa yana da girma, wanda kuma zai kara farashin sufuri.A nan gaba, ya fi dacewa a haɓaka masu amfani da sunan kamfani a kowane birni a cikin nau'ikan ikon amfani da ikon amfani da bambaro na gida don hidimar kasuwannin cikin gida a mafi ƙarancin farashi.
Bisa kididdigar da kwamitin kula da sarkar sanyi na kungiyar al'amuran kasar Sin da cibiyar nazarin masana'antu mai sa ido kan masana'antu suka bayyana, jimilar bukatu na kayayyakin aikin sanyi a kasarta a shekarar 2019 ya kai tan miliyan 261, wanda bukatar kayayyakin aikin sanyin abinci ya kai. 235 miliyan ton.Har ila yau masana'antar ta ci gaba da haɓaka haɓakar haɓaka mai sauri a cikin rabin shekara.Wannan ya kawo damar kasuwa sau ɗaya a rayuwa ga masana'antar kayan kumfa.A nan gaba, kamfanoni masu kumfa masu alaƙa da kayan aikin sarkar sanyi suna buƙatar fahimtar yanayin yanayin kore, ceton makamashi da masana'antu masu aminci don samun damar kasuwa da samun fa'ida a cikin kasuwa mai canzawa koyaushe.Dabarun gasa na yau da kullun yana sa kasuwancin cikin matsayi mara nasara.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-22-2022